Autores: Agustina Vazquez, Natacha M. Marcote y Juan E. Osorio

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25058/1794600X.1907

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties proposes the mechanism agreed by the States for the interpretation of international treaties. The denominated Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are a specific example of the International Investment Law. Nevertheless. within this branch of International Law doubts about its correspondence with the application of the “treaty of treaties” still persist and encouraged by the trend mainly promoted by the “practitioners”, arbitrators or representatives of the parties, the way in which different treaties on investment matters have been construed expose the tensions of a fragmented International Law. Who has to interpret them? Under which rules? This article proposes, firstly, to tackle the genesis and evolution of the International Investment Law; secondly, its characterization as an example of the sustantive fragmentation of International Law, in order to address thirdly the interpretation according to the rules of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States as a tool to solve the dilemma described. The conclusion follows the last point, understanding this instrument as the only one among the General International Law that advocates for a harmonious interpretation and a systematic integration.

Consequently, it would provide an increasing legal certainty -a favorable scenario for investors- and a greater respect for the will of the States that created the international norms in dispute.

La Convención de Viena sobre el Derecho de los Tratados propone el mecanismo consensuado por los Estados para la interpretación de los tratados internacionales. Los denominados TBI (Tratados Bilaterales de Inversión), son ejemplo y, específicos del Derecho Internacional de las Inversiones. Sin embargo, dentro de esta rama del Derecho Internacional, perduran inquietudes acerca de su correspondencia o no con la aplicación del denominado “tratado de los tratados”; e incentivadas desde la corriente impulsada principalmente por los “practicantes”, árbitros o representantes de las partes, la forma en la que se han interpretado distintos tratados en materia de inversión, expone las tensiones de un Derecho Internacional fragmentado. ¿Quién ha de interpretarlos? ¿Bajo qué reglas?

Este trabajo propone: en primer término, abordar la génesis y evolución del Derecho Internacional de las Inversiones; en un segundo término, su caracterización como ejemplo de fragmentación sustantiva del Derecho Internacional; a efectos de abordar en tercer término, la interpretación conforme a las reglas de la Convención de Viena de Derecho de los Tratados entre Estados como una herramienta solucionadora del dilema presentado. La conclusión se adhiere a éste último punto, entendiendo tal instrumento como el único dentro de Derecho Internacional General que aboga por la interpretación armónica y la integración sistemática. Su consecuencia, daría una creciente seguridad jurídica -escenario favorable para los inversores-, y un mayor respeto por la voluntad de los Estados, creadores de la norma internacional en pugna.

A Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados propõe o mecanismo acordado pelos Estados para a interpretação dos tratados internacionais. Os chamados BITs (Tratados Bilaterais de Investimentos) são um exemplo e são específicos do Direito Internacional de Investimentos. No entanto, dentro deste ramo do Direito Internacional, permanecem as preocupações sobre sua correspondência ou não com a aplicação do chamado “tratado de tratados”; e estimulada a partir da corrente promovida principalmente pelos “praticantes”, árbitros ou representantes das partes, a forma como diferentes tratados de investimentos têm sido interpretados, expõe as tensões de um Direito Internacional fragmentado. Quem deve interpretá-los? Sob quais regras?

Este trabalho propõe: primeiro, abordar a gênese e a evolução do Direito Internacional de Investimento; em segundo lugar, sua caracterização como exemplo de fragmentação substantiva do Direito Internacional; a fim de abordar, em terceiro lugar, a interpretação de acordo com as regras da Convenção de Viena sobre o Direito dos Tratados entre Estados como instrumento para a solução do dilema apresentado. A conclusão vai ao encontro deste último ponto, entendendo tal instrumento como o único do Direito Internacional Geral que preconiza a interpretação harmoniosa e a integração sistemática. Seu desdobramento daria uma crescente segurança jurídica – cenário favorável aos investidores – e maior respeito à vontade dos Estados, criadores da norma internacional em conflito.

Keywords: Interpretation, international treaties, International Law, fragmentation, investments.

Palabras claves: Interpretación, tratados internacionales, Derecho Internacional, fragmentación, inversiones.

Palavras-chave:Interpretação, tratados internacionais, Direito internacional, fragmentação, investimentos.

Para citar este artículo:

Vazquez, A; Marcote, N. y Osorio, J. (2021). Los Tratados Bilaterales de Inversión desde la perspectiva de la Convención de Viena de Derecho de los Tratados: un camino hacia la “defragmentación” del Derecho Internacional. Revista Misión Jurídica, 14(20), 56 – 69.


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